Despite having been in the Oracle applications space for over 20 years it is still a mystery to me what external auditors do or don’t do in their audit. Recently on vacation I ran into an IT auditor from a big four firm who specializes in SAP. I took the opportunity to help me better understand if there were differences in how they audited various ERP systems. In most ERP systems there are security objects (T-Codes for SAP, privileges for ERP Cloud, Functions for E-Business Suite) that allow a user to bypass workflow approval processes. If an organization is relying on workflow processes, yet someone can enter a transaction or maintain master data that bypasses the workflow, the IT application control (ITAC) design may not be deemed to be reliable. For example, if the system has been configured to have all purchase orders (PO) go through a workflow approval process, yet an IT user or end user could upload an approved PO (that isn’t subject to the workflow approval process), then that user would have the ability to bypass the design of the ITAC – effectively undermining the ITAC design. The same can be true for journal entries, requisitions, suppliers, supplier bank accounts, orders, invoices, etc.