Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is a commonly used water treatment deployed in safe amounts by water treatment plants across the US. In large concentrations, however, it can be dangerous and even deadly to humans. Now, imagine a hacker from a country of national security concern finding a vulnerability in the remote access software that controls the levels of NaOH, or lye, in the water system. With just a few lines of code, the hacker can increase the NaOH to 100 times the normal level, sufficient to poison every member of the town.