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Recently, Lambert et al. (2013) investigated simultaneously fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in type 1 diabetics.  Fractional lipid synthesis rates were measured using deuterium incorporation and stable isotope analysis by gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GCC-IRMS).  Measurement of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) by deuterium incorporation is safe, can be used with short measurement periods (<24 hours) and provides a highly sensitive and precise measurement of DNL. GCC-IRMS stable isotope analysis provides measurements of individual fatty acids and lipids.

Many exercise physiologists are interested if carbohydrate drinks influence exercise performance.  The benefit of sport drinks to enhance fluid delivery is still controversal.  In theory, carbohydrate availability can enhance performance by reducing glycogen depletion, increasing carbohydrate oxidation rates, and preventing acute onset of hypoglycemia.

Diabetic gastroparesis is a debilitating form of neuropathy, i.e., nerve damage that affects the gastrointestinal tract.  Gastroparesis occurs when food moves too slowly through the digestive tract.  Symptoms of nausea, vomiting, bloating and abdominal pain results while eating meals.  Quality of life is severely impacted with the chronic condition of gastroparesis.  Approximately 12% of diabetics may experience gastroparesis.

Many researchers want to measure muscle protein synthesis rates during exercise, muscle wasting diseases, or normal growth. These studies are not easy to conduct because typical protocols require continuous infusion of isotope such as 1-¹³C-leucine and stable isotope analysis of leucine in muscle proteins.